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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Additionally, two limit switches are used in order to make certain that the operator does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature called a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or two hundred thirty feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first have to be transported to the construction location by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the equipment part of the jib and the crane. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be some of the other industrial machines that is typically utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane could match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 20 feet or 6.1m. Next, the driver of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions like wind must be considered. The word loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. So as to guarantee that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo must be distributed all around the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an equally distributed load is helpful to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is very important that the designers of containers and handling machines take this into consideration during the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
In order to make certain that the equipment utilized is perfect for the cargo, care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention needs to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, such as a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging load, extreme care should be taken when lifting these.
