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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling which is used to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, that is an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is same as a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanized clutch. This allows the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque if there is a considerable difference between output and input rotational speed.
The most common kind of torque converter utilized in auto transmissions is the fluid coupling kind. During the 1920s there was likewise the Constantinesco or likewise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are various mechanical designs for always variable transmissions which have the ability to multiply torque. Like for instance, the Variomatic is one version that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling cannot multiply torque. Torque converters have an element referred to as a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics during occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
There are a minimum of three rotating components within a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, which is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, that is between the impeller and the turbine so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under whatever condition and this is where the word stator starts from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been changes that have been integrated at times. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is required, adjustments to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these adjustments have taken the form of many stators and turbines. Each set has been meant to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several examples include the Dynaflow which utilizes a five element converter to be able to produce the wide range of torque multiplication required to propel a heavy vehicle.
Various auto converters include a lock-up clutch in order to lessen heat and in order to enhance the cruising power and transmission effectiveness, although it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses associated with fluid drive.
