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The function of directional control valves is to be able to route the fluid to the desired actuator. Usually, these control valves consist of a spool positioned inside of a housing created either from cast iron or steel. The spool slides to various locations within the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves direct the fluid based on the spool's location.
The spool is centrally located, help in place by springs. In this particular position, the supply fluid can be blocked and returned to the tank. If the spool is slid to a direction, the hydraulic fluid is routed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is moved to the opposite direction, the return and supply paths are switched. As soon as the spool is allowed to return to the center or neutral position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.
Typically, directional control valves are designed to be able to be stackable. They normally have a valve for each and every hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input which supplies all the valves within the stack.
Tolerances are maintained really tightly, in order to handle the higher pressures and in order to avoid leaking. The spools would often have a clearance within the housing no less than 25 µm or a thousandth of an inch. In order to avoid jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components and distorting the valve, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame by a 3-point pattern.
The location of the spool may be actuated by hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids which push the spool right or left. A seal enables a portion of the spool to stick out the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.
The main valve block is normally a stack of off the shelf directional control valves chosen by flow performance and capacity. Various valves are designed to be on-off, while others are designed to be proportional, like in valve position to flow rate proportional. The control valve is one of the most pricey and sensitive parts of a hydraulic circuit.
In the material handling trade counterbalance lift trucks are extremely popular pieces of equipment. They can be normally found in factories and warehouses all around the globe. The leading forklift producers such as Linde, Toyota and Mitsubishi all make counterbalance lift trucks. They are offered in a range of fuel choices such as electric, gas or diesel. Usually, a counterbalanced forklift truck contains the following components:
The area for the operator called the "cab" and houses all of the pedals, steering wheel, a dashboard which contains certain readouts, levers plus a variety of switches. The frame of the lift truck is the foundation intended for the different parts of the machinery comprising the power supply, the wheels, the axles, mast and the counterweight. The frame can also have fuel tanks and hydraulic fuel tanks constructed as part of its assembly. The Mast is the vertical assembly that does most of the work lowering and raising the forklift's load.
Made of heavy iron the counterweight is attached to the back of the forklift frame. The purpose of the counterweight is to balance the load being carried and transferred. With an electric lift truck, the large lead-acid battery itself can operate as part of or all of the counterweight. The Power Supply may have an internal combustion engine that can be powered by diesel, gasoline, LP gas or CNG gas. Electric forklifts are powered by either fuel cells which provide power to a battery or electric motors. The electric motors could be either DC or AC kinds.
Accessories intended for the forks vary in the type of application they allow the forklift to execute. Attachments comprise: slip-sheet attachments, fork positioners, roll clamps, container handlers, carpet poles, pole handlers, side shifters, multipurpose clams and carton clamps. A lot of manufacturing companies would specially modify an attachment so as to satisfy a customer need.
When needing to park pallets closely together, the counterbalance forklift is the ideal electric lift intended for the job. There are lots of benefits to using a counterbalance lift rather than fork-over and straddle-leg designs. They do have several disadvantages though. A counterbalanced lift truck can lift pallets directly off the ground as there are no stabilization legs to get in the way. The main disadvantage of this particular unit of forklift is that the weight capacity and lift height will generally be less compared to the other styles.
